Six points you should master when learning CNC lathe!

Six points you should master when learning CNC lathe!
1️⃣, machine tool origin
The machine tool origin is a fixed point set by the manufacturer when manufacturing the machine tool, also called the machine tool zero point. It is determined when assembling and debugging the machine tool. The origin of a CNC lathe is generally located at the intersection of the lathe chuck end face and the spindle centerline. Users are usually not allowed to change it. Taking the origin of the machine tool as the coordinate system is called the machine tool coordinate system, as shown in Figure 1.
2️⃣, reference point
The reference point is a physical position set by the machine tool manufacturer on the machine tool. The relative position to the machine tool origin is fixed. As shown at point o in Figure 1. Lathes are precisely measured and determined by the machine tool manufacturer before leaving the factory. There are also some machine tools whose reference points are near the positive limit positions of the x-axis and z-axis, coinciding with the zero point, so returning to the reference point is also called zero return.
3️⃣, program origin
Also called the programming origin, it is the geometric reference point defined on the workpiece by the programmer during programming. It is also called the programming zero point and the workpiece origin. The programming origin is the starting point of the tool movement relative to the workpiece during CNC machining, so it is also called the tool setting point.
4️⃣,Quick positioning point
The quick positioning point is a point set by the programmer near the end face of the workpiece when programming. When the tool is quickly positioned to this point, interpolation feed starts from this point. When linear interpolation is used, the x value is generally set to be 2~3 mm larger than the outer circle of the workpiece, and the z value is about 2 mm away from the end face of the workpiece. If this point is set too close, it may collide with the workpiece blank; if it is set too far, the idling time will be too long, which will reduce the processing efficiency. Therefore, it is unreasonable for some students to set the quick positioning point at z0 when programming, indicating that the tool tip has contacted the workpiece.
5️⃣, knife position
The point on the turning tool that can be used as a reference for programming and machining is called a tool position point, which also refers to a point that can represent the characteristics of the tool. The turning tools commonly used in CNC turning are mainly pointed turning tools. Without considering the tiny arc of the tool tip, the tool tip can be considered as the tool position point. The essence of CNC programming is to describe the movement trajectory of the tool position point in the programming coordinate system. The tool positions of commonly used turning tools are shown in Figure 3. The grooving knife has two knife positions on the left and right, which should be selected according to the dimensions on the drawing when programming, in order to facilitate programming.
6️⃣, tool changing point
More complex workpieces need to be processed with multiple knives. The tool change point refers to a tool change position set relative to the programming origin when programming a CNC lathe processing program. Rotate the tool holder at this point, and any tool installed on the tool holder cannot collide with the workpiece, tailstock, fixture, etc., otherwise a safety accident will occur. Generally, the tool changing point is set outside the workpiece, leaving a certain safety zone, and its setting value can be determined by actual measurement or calculation.