What are the basic components of a CNC machining center?
1. The basic parts refer to the castings of the bed. It consists of a bed, a column and a workbench. It is the basic component of CNC machining center. Most are cast iron. CNC machining centers must bear static loads and dynamic cutting loads during machining. Therefore, the rigidity of the bed casting is very high, and it is also the most important part that determines the quality of the CNC machining center.
2. Spindle parts. It is composed of spindle motor, spindle box, spindle and spindle bracket. Its start, stop and rotation are all controlled by the numerical control system, and the cutting motion is carried out by the tool installed on the main shaft, which is the power output of the cutting process. part. The main shaft is a key component of the CNC machining center, and its structure has a great influence on the performance of the CMC machining center.
3. Control system. The numerical control system of the CNC machining center consists of a CNC device, a programmable controller, a servo drive device, and a motor. They are the control centers for CNC machining centers to perform sequential control actions and complete operations during machining.
4. Servo system. The function of the servo system is to convert the signal sent by the numerical control device into the movement of the moving parts of the machine tool. Its performance is one of the main factors that determine the machining accuracy, surface quality and production efficiency of machine tools. CNC machining centers generally adopt three control methods: semi-closed loop, closed loop and mixed loop.
5. Automatic tool changer. It consists of tool magazine, manipulator and driving mechanism. The tool magazine is a device that stores all the tools used to process the workpiece. There are various types of tool magazines, such as disc type, hat type, and chain type, with a capacity ranging from a few to dozens. When the tool needs to be changed during the machining process, the manipulator (or by other means) takes the tool out of the tool magazine and loads it into the spindle according to the instructions of the CNC system. The structure of the manipulator has various forms according to the relative position and structure of the tool magazine and the spindle. Some CNC machining centers do not use manipulators, but use the movement of the spindle box or tool magazine to change tools. Although the tool change process, tool selection method, tool magazine structure, and manipulator type are different, they are all under the control of numerical control devices and programmable controllers, and tool selection and tool change are realized through motors, hydraulic or pneumatic mechanisms. When the contact sensor is installed in the mechanism, it can also realize the error measurement of the tool and the workpiece.
6. Automatic disk changing system. In order to further shorten the non-cutting time, some CNC machining centers are equipped with two automatic workpiece pallets, one is installed on the table for processing, and the other is located outside the table for workpiece loading and unloading, which can reduce auxiliary time and improve processing efficiency.
7. Auxiliary system. Including lubrication, cooling, chip removal, protection, hydraulic and random inspection systems. Although the auxiliary system does not directly participate in the cutting movement, it plays a decisive role in ensuring the machining efficiency, machining accuracy and reliability of the CNC machining center, so it is also an indispensable part of the CNC machining center.
